A Comparative Analysis of OLSR Routing Protocol based on PSO and Cuckoo Search Optimization (CSO) in Manets

New developments in wireless communication have enabled the use of highly efficient and inexpensive wireless receivers in a variety of portable applications. Each node in a mobile network is a mobile device that independently organizes its own connection to the others and manages its own data transmissions. The adaptability, scalability, and cost reduction of mobile networks have attracted considerable attention. Because mobile networks are constantly changing, problems with routing and power usage are common. High error rates, energy limitations, and inadequate bandwidth are just a few of the issues plaguing mobile ad hoc networks. The relevance of routing protocols in dynamic multi-hop networks like Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) has drawn the attention of many scholars. In this paper, we focus on  implementing an OLSR(Optimised Link State  Routing) protocol and evaluates its performance using two optmisation algorithm: Particle Swarm Optimization(OLSR) and Cuckoo Search Optimization (CSO). The simulation result suggests that PSO is superior to both CSO and the conventional OLSR routing technique. We implemented using NS-2 simulator for simulation and NAM for network animation

Restoration of deteriorated text sections in ancient document images using atri-level semi-adaptive thresholding technique

The proposed research aims to restore deteriorated text sections that are affected by stain markings, ink seepages and document ageing in ancient document photographs, as these challenges confront document enhancement. A tri-level semi-adaptive thresholding technique is developed in this paper to overcome the issues. The primary focus, however, is on removing deteriorations that obscure text sections. The proposed algorithm includes three levels of degradation removal as well as pre- and post-enhancement processes. In level-wise degradation removal, a global thresholding approach is used, whereas, pseudo-colouring uses local thresholding procedures. Experiments on palm leaf and DIBCO document photos reveal a decent performance in removing ink/oil stains whilst retaining obscured text sections. In DIBCO and palm leaf datasets, our system also showed its efficacy in removing common deteriorations such as uneven illumination, show throughs, discolouration and writing marks. The proposed technique directly correlates to other thresholding-based benchmark techniques producing average F-measure and precision of 65.73 and 93% towards DIBCO datasets and 55.24 and 94% towards palm leaf datasets. Subjective analysis shows the robustness of proposed model towards the removal of stains degradations with a qualitative score of 3 towards 45% of samples indicating degradation removal with fairly readable text

Effect of Madhu-Kshara Sutra in the Management of Bhagandara [Fistula-In-Ano]

Bhagandara (Fistula-in-ano) is a cumbursome disease which occurs in Anorectal region, it is second commonest disease after haemorroids. In this context, a comparative study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Madhu-Kshara Sutra in the management of Bhagandara. It consists of Madhu, Apamarga (Achyranthus Aspera) and Haridra (Curcuma longa). The subjects were treated with Madhu Kshara Sutra in study group and Apamarga Kshara Sutra in control group and the results were encouraging

Effect of Hingulamrutadi malahara in the management of dushta vrana

 Dustavrana is a common and frequently encountered problem faced in surgical practice. The presence of Dushtavrana(1) worsens the condition of the patient with different complications and may become fatal. Local factors on wound like slough, infection and foreign body, affect the normal process of healing. A healthy wound in a normal body heals earlier with a minimum scar as compared to a contaminated wound. Therefore in this study all the efforts are made to make a Dustvrana into a shuddhavrana. (2) Once the vrana becomes shuddha, ropana of the vrana will start. The objective of the study was to evaluate the Shodhana and Ropana effect of HingulamrutadiMalahara in Dushtavrana compared with standard Jatyadi Ghrita. Clinically diagnosed 40 Patients of Dushtavrana were randomly divided into two groups, each consisting of 20 Patients. H group were treated with the HingulamrutadiMalahara treated group. J Group as a control group was treated by JatyadiGhrita. On the basis of assessment criteria and overall result of treatment, the patients of Hingulamrutadi Malahara group showed better results when compared to Jatyadi Ghrita group. Hingulamrutadi Malahara has provided good relief in most of the signs and symptoms of the patients of Dushtavrana, in comparison to Jatyadi Ghrita. Its overall effects were good in comparison to Jatyadi Ghrita.&nbsp

Segmentation of Pectoral Muscle in Mammograms Using Granular Computing

In this paper, pectoral muscle segmentation was performed to study the presence of malignancy in the pectoral muscle region in mammograms. A combined approach involving granular computing and layering was employed to locate the pectoral muscle in mammograms. In most cases, the pectoral muscle is found to be triangular in shape and hence, the ant colony optimization algorithm is employed to accurately estimate the pectoral muscle boundary. The proposed method works with the left mediolateral oblique (MLO) view of mammograms to avoid artifacts. For the right MLO view, the method automatically mirrors the image to the left MLO view. The performance of this method was evaluated using the standard mini MIAS dataset (mammographic image analysis society). The algorithm was tested on 322 images and the overall accuracy of the system was about 97.47 %. The method is robust with respect to the view, shape, size and reduces the processing time. The approach correctly identifies images when the pectoral muscle is completely absent

Wave energy and littoral drift off Krishnapatnam

26-31Deepwater wave energy off Krishnapatnam Andhra Pradesh, India (14ᵒ 15'N, 80ᵒ 07'E) is computed for different months in a year. The alongshore wave energy for the region is derived from which the littoral drift is calculated by means of an empirical relation. The littoral drift off Krishnapatnam is compared with the estimated values of littoral drift near other ports along the east coast of India. The possibilities of maintaining sufficient depths in the entrance channel are discussed

An approach towards Complex Long Tract with Multiple Opening Fistula-In-Ano through Kshara Sutra - A Case Report

Generally, fistulectomy is an acceptable surgical approach for treating a simple or low trans-sphincteric fistula. But in case of long fistulous tract with multiple external opening fistulectomy is not an adequate surgical procedure because of multiple and large size wounds. We present a case of a complicated fistula-in-ano with a low and a trans-sphinteric element that opens radially from the external opening to the anal canal. A 45-years-old man with a chronic discharging fistula, on clinical examination opening externally at 9 o’ clock position at gluteal region approximately 15 cm away from anal verge and internal opening also at 9 o’ clock position. Another external opening at 5 o’ clock position and internal opening found at 6 o’ clock position. He experienced discharge and pruritus for the previous 6 months and had been on antibiotics. The low fistulous tract from 5 to 6 o’ clock position was curettaged and Kshara was applied. The long fistulas were treated by the Kshara Sutra and multiple simple threads (linen no. 20) application method was adopted. The wound healed fully in 45 days and currently the patient is asymptomatic and has full continence at 6 months of follow-up

New spectrophotometric methods for the quantitative determination of chloramphenicol in pharmaceuticals

Three new methods are proposed for the simple and sensitive spectrophotometric determination of chloramphenicol in pure form and in related pharmaceutical preparations. Two methods are based on the diazotization of reduced chloramphenicol, followed by coupling either with iminodibenzyl to give a violet colored product (λmax = 590 nm) or with 3-aminophenol to produce an orange-red colored product (λmax = 470 nm). The third method makes use of sodium molybdate and pyrocatechol as coupling agents to give a pale red colored product (λmax = 490 nm). The proposed procedures are highly reproducible and the maximum relative standard deviation is 0.3 % for five determinations. The new methods have been applied to the determination of chloramphenicol in capsules and injection solutions, and the results compare favorably with the official method. Common auxiliary substances used as components of pharmaceutical preparations do not interfere with the proposed methods. Plausible reaction mechanisms are proposed